Author :
Abstract
Korona virüs salgını tüm dünyada sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunu ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu süreçte ülkeler hem korona virüs hastalarının tedavisiyle mücadele etmek zorunda kalmış hem de diğer hastalara hizmete erişimi sürdürmeye çalışmışlardır. Sosyal mesafenin hastalığın yayılmasının önlenmesinde en önemli unsurlardan birisi olması nedeniyle sağlık hizmetine ihtiyaç duyan bireylerin hizmete erişimlerinin sağlanabilmesi için tele-tıp hizmetleri bir çıkış yolu olmuştur. Tele-tıp bir hastaya veya toplum kesimine sağlık hizmeti sunmak amacıyla telekomünikasyon teknolojilerinin kullanılarak farklı lokasyonlarda gerçekleştirilen tanılama, danışma, tedavi ve bilgilendirme hizmetlerini içerir. Bu süreçte birçok ülke çeşitli tele-tıp hizmetlerinden faydalanarak bireylere sağlık hizmeti sunmaya çalışmıştır. Bu durum ülkelere, tele-tıp hizmetlerinde hangi düzeyde olduklarını ve bu hizmetlerin ne kadar gerekli olduğunu anlamalarını sağlamıştır. Bu süreçte kullanılan tele-tıp hizmetleri ile hastalar ve kronik hastalığı olan bireyler uzaktan takip ve tedavi edilebilmiş, hastanelerdeki yoğunluk azaltılmış, sağlık profesyonellerinin iş yükü azaltılmış, enfeksiyon etkeninin yayılması önlenmeye çalışılmış ve bireyler kendi sağlık yönetimlerine dahil edilmiştir. Bu şekilde korona virüs hastalığıyla daha etkin bir mücadele yürütülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile tele-tıp hizmetlerinin korona virüsle mücadelede kullanım alanlarına ve etkinliğine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca literatürde yer alan tele-tıp ile ilgili sorunlara yönelik çözüm yaklaşımlarına yer verilmiştir.
Keywords
Abstract
The corona virus outbreak has adversely affected the provision of healthcare and access to healthcare services all over the world. In this process, countries have had to struggle with the treatment of corona virus patients and have tried to maintain access to services for other patients. Since social distance is one of the most important factors in preventing the spread of the disease, telemedicine services have become a way out in order to provide access to services for individuals who need health services. Telemedicine includes diagnosis, counseling, treatment and information services performed in different locations using telecommunication technologies in order to provide health services to a patient or community segment. In this process, many countries have tried to provide health services to individuals by benefiting from various telemedicine services. This has enabled countries to understand the level of telemedicine services they are at and how necessary these services are. With the telemedicine services used in this process, patients and individuals with chronic diseases could be monitored and treated remotely, the density in hospitals was reduced, the workload of health professionals was reduced, the spread of the infectious agent was tried to be prevented and individuals were included in their own health management. In this way, it is aimed to carry out a more effective fight against corona virus disease. In this study, the areas of use and effectiveness of telemedicine services in combating corona virus were touched upon. In addition, solution approaches for problems related to telemedicine in the literature are included.
Keywords
- Ackerman, M. J., Filart, R., Burges, L. P., Lee, I., & Poropatich, R. K. (2009). Developing Next-Generation
- Ackerman, M. J., Filart, R., Burges, L. P., Lee, I., & Poropatich, R. K. (2009). Developing Next-GenerationTelemedicine Tools and Technologies: Patients, Systems, and Data Perspectives. Telemed e-Health, 16(10): 93-95.
- Arumugham, S., Rajagopalan, S., Rayappan, J. B. B., & Amirtharajan, R. (2018). Networked Medical DataSharing on Secure Medium - A Web Publishing Mode for DICOM Viewer with Three Layer Authentication. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 86: 90-105.
- Chaet, D., Clearfield, R., Sabin, J. E., & Skimming, K. (2017). Ethical Practice in Telehealth and Telemedicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 32(10): 1136-1140.
- Clunie, D. A. (2021). DICOM Format and Protocol Standardization-A Core Requirement for Digital Pathology Success. Toxicologic Pathology, 49(4): 738-749. doi: 10.1177/0192623320965893
- Colbert, G. B., Venegas-Vera, A. V., & Lerma, E. V. (2020). Utility of Telemedicine in the COVID-19 Era. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 21(4): 583-587. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.188
- Demiris, G., Charness, N., Krupinski, E., Ben-Arieh, D., Washington, K., Wu, J., & Farberow, B. (2010). TheRole of Human Factors in Telehealth. Telemedicine and e-Health, 16(4): 446–453. doi:10.1089/tmj.2009.0114Dilbaz, B., Kaplanoğlu, M., & Kaya, D. (2020). Teletıp ve Telesağlık: Geçmiş, Bugün ve Gelecek. Eurasian Journal of Health Technology Assessment, 4(1): 40-56.
- Dixon, R. F., & Rao, L. (2014). Asynchronous Virtual Visits for the Follow-Up of Chronic Conditions. Telemedicine and e-Health, 20(7): 669-672.
- Dorsey, E. R., & Topol, E. J. (2016). State of Telehealth. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(2): 154-161. doi:10.1056/nejmra1601705
- Elmalı, A. D., Bebek, N., Yıldırım, İ.,…, Velioğlu, S. K., &Yeni, S. N. (2020). COVID-19 ve Epilepsi: Nöbetlere, Tedaviye ve Sosyal Yaşama Etkileri. Epilepsi, 26(2): 49-58.
- Ertek, S. (2011). Endokrinolojide Tele-Sağlık ve Tele-Tıp Uygulamaları. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (2)3: 126-131.
- Fadul, N., Elsayem, A.F., & Bruera, E. (2020). Integration of Palliative Care into COVID-19 Pandemic Planning. BMJ Support Palliat Care, 11(1): 40-44. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002364
- Farrugia, G., & Plutowski, R. W. (2020). Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(8): 1574-1577. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.024
- Fatehi, F., Martin-Khan, M., Smith, A. C., Russell, A. W., & Gray, L. C. (2015). Patient Satisfaction withVideo Teleconsultation in a Virtual Diabetes Outreach Clinic. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 17(1): 43-48.
- Fisk, M., Livingstone, A., & Pit, S. W. (2020). Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectivesin Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6): 1-13. doi: 10.2196/19264.
- Jnr, B. A. (2020). Use of Telemedicine and Virtual Care for Remote Treatment in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(7): 132/1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01596-5
- Julien, H. M., Eberly, L. A., & Adusumalli, S. (2020). Telemedicine and the Forgotten America. Circulation, 142(4): 312-314. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048535
- Jumreornvong, O., Yang, E., Race, J., & Appel, J. (2020). Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19. Academic Medicine, 95(12): 1838-1843. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003711
- Katzow, M. W., Steinway, C., & Jan, S. (2020). Telemedicine and Health Disparities During COVID-19. Pediatrics, 146(2): 1-5. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-1586
- Kichloo, A., Albosta, M., Dettloff, K., Wani, F., El-Amir, Z., Singh, J., Aljadah, M., Chakinala, R. C.,Kanugula, A. K., Solanki, S., & Chugh, S. (2020). Telemedicine, the Current COVID-19 Pandemic and theFuture: A Narrative Review and Perspectives Moving Forward in the USA. Family Medicine and Community Health, 8(3):e000530. doi: 10.1136/fmch-2020-000530
- Kruse, C. S., Krowski, N., Rodriguez, B., Tran, L., Vela, J., & Brooks, M. (2017). Telehealth and PatientSatisfaction: A Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis. BMJ Open, 7(8): 1-12. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen- 2017-016242
- Latifi, R., & Doarn, C. R. (2020). Perspective on COVID-19: Finally, Telemedicine at Center Stage. Telemedicine and e-Health, 26(9):1106-1109. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0132
- Lopez, A. M., Avery, D., Krupinski, E., Lazarus, S., & Weinstein, R. S. (2005). Increasing Access to Care ViaTele-Health. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 28(1): 16-23. doi:10.1097/00004479-200501000-Lukas H, Xu C, Yu Y, Gao W. Emerging Telemedicine Tools for Remote COVID-19 Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Management. ACS Nano. 2020 Dec 22;14(12):16180-16193. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08494
- Mahajan, V., Singh, T., & Azad, C. (2020). Using Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian Pediatrics, 57(7): 652-657
- Miller, E. A. (2001). Telemedicine and Doctor-Patient Communication: An Analytical Survey of the Literature. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 7(1): 1-17. doi:10.1258/1357633011936075
- Miller, E. A. (2003). The Technical and Interpersonal Aspects of Telemedicine: Effects on Doctor-Patient Communication. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 9(1): 1–7. doi:10.1258/135763303321159611
- Omboni, S. (2020). Telemedicine During the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? Telemed J E Health, 26(8): 973-975. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0106
- Önal, S., & Kaya, U. (2020). Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Hasta Takibi Uygulamalarında Tele-Tıp ve Birinci Basamaktaki Yeri. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, 12(3): 98-106.
- Özer, Z., & Özcan, S. (2020). Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetlerinde COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu: Korunma ve Kontrol Önerileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 29(1): 67-72.
- Official Information Source of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2020). https://www.primeminister.kz/en/news/interviews/k-nadyrov-o-situacii-s-covid-19-v-almaty-razgruzka-
- stacionarov-perehod-na-telemedicinu-i-formirovanie-lekarstvennogo-sklada-2761652 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2021).
- Pazar, B., Taştan, S., & İyigün, E. (2015). Tele Sağlık Sisteminde Hemşirenin Rolü. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, 11(1): 1-4.
- Puro, N. A., & Feyereisen, S. (2020). Telehealth Availability in US Hospitals in the Face of the COVID‐19 Pandemic. The Journal of Rural Health, 00: 1-7. doi:10.1111/jrh.12482
- Rahi, S., Khan, M. M., & Alghizzawi, M. (2020). Factors Influencing the Adoption of Telemedicine HealthServices during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: an Integrative Research Model. Enterprise Information Systems, 1-25. doi:10.1080/17517575.2020.1850872
- Samuels, E. A., Clark, S. A., Wunsch, C., Jordison Keeler, L. A., Reddy, N., Vanjani, R., & Wightman, R. S.(2020). Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(4): e8-e9. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000685
- Saripalle, R., Runyan, C., & Russell, M. (2019). Using HL7 FHIR to Achieve Interoperability in Patient Health Record. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 94: 103188. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103188
- Sevean, P., Dampier, S., Spadoni, M., Strickland, S., & Pilatzke, S. (2009). Patients and families experienceswith video telehealth in rural/remote communities in Northern Canada. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(18), 2573-2579. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02427.x
- Sirintrapun, S. J., & Lopez, A. M. (2018). Telemedicine in Cancer Care. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, (38): 540-545. doi:10.1200/edbk_200141
- Übeyli, E. D., & Güler, İ. (2003). Koruyucu Hekimlikte Bilgisayar Uygulamaları. 3. Uluslararası İleri Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, 18-20 Ağustos 2003, Ankara.
- Zhai, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Gittell, J. H., Jiang, S., Chen, B., ...& Wang, X. (2020). From Isolation to Coordination: How CanTelemedicine Help Combat the COVID-19 Outbreak?. medRxiv.
- Waller, M., & Stotler, C. (2018). Telemedicine: a Primer. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 18(10): 54. doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0808-4. PMID: 30145709.
- World Health Organization (2019). Telemedicine in Kazakhstan: Smart Health Services Delivery.https://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/kazakhstan/news/news/2019/02/telemedicine-in-kazakhstan-smart- health-services-delivery (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2021).
- World Health Organization (2016). Analysis of Third Global Survey on eHealth Based on the Reported Data by Countries. https://www.who.int/gho/goe/telehealth/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2021).
