Author :
Abstract
Bugün tüm dünyada kripto paraları ve özel olarak Bitcoin’i paranın evriminde geldiğimiz son adım olarak gören siber-liberteryen bir dijital ütopyacılık giderek güçlenmektedir. Dijital devrimin bir parçası olarak kripto paraların otoriteleri tahtlarından indireceğine, hiyerarşileri yavaş yavaş yıkacağına, oyun alanını yataylaştıracağına ve seçkinlerin kontrolündeki her alanı demokratikleştireceğine inanılmaktadır. Bu ütopyacılık, neoliberal yapılara karşı muhalif bir ideolojik oluşum gibi görünmesine rağmen, kripto paralar özgürlük, sosyal yaşam, ekonomi ve politika hakkında sağ kanat liberal fikirlerle oldukça uyumlu bir felsefe ve ekonomi politikle inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kripto paranın teknik ve sosyal boyutlarını şekillendirmekte büyük rol oynayan şifrepunklar ve kripto anarşistlerin siyasi vizyonları, Bitcoin’in bu siyasal hedefleri gerçekleştirmek üzere teknik olarak nasıl yapılandırıldığı ve son olarak Bitcoin örneği üzerinden kripto paranın ekonomik olarak ontolojik yapısı incelenmektedir. Bitcoin’in ve diğer kripto para birimlerinin bugün destekçilerinin iddia ettiği gibi mevcut güç ilişkilerini dönüştürecek şekilde işlemediği, tersine geleneksel güç ve sermaye ilişkilerini konsolide ettiği ve bu anlamda sağ kanat bir liberal siyaset programı olarak görülebileceği öne sürülmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
A cyber-libertarian digital utopianism is getting stronger all over the world, which sees cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin in particular as the last step in the evolution of money. As part of the digital revolution, it is believed that cryptocurrencies will dethrone authorities, gradually overthrow hierarchies, flatten the playing field, and democratize evert elite-controlled sphere. Although this utopianism appears to be an oppositional ideological formation against neoliberal structures, cryptocurrencies are built with a philosophy and political economy that is quite compatible with right-wing liberal ideas about freedom, social life, economy and politics. This study investigates the political visions of cypherpunks and crypto-anarchists, who played a majör role in shaping the technical and social dimensions of cryptocurrency, how Bitcoin was technically structured to achieve these political goals, and the ontological structure of Bitcoin in the economic context. It is claimed that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies do not operate in a way to transform existing power relations as their supporters claim, but rather consolidates traditional power and capital relations, and in this sense, it can be seen as a right-wing liberal politics program.
Keywords
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