Author :
Abstract
Küreselleşme, geçtiğimiz 30 yılın en tartışılan olgusudur. Soğuk savaş sonrası dönemde, Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından hemen sonra, ABD'nin önderlik ettiği küreselleşme süreci, liberal normlarla, piyasaların entegrasyonuyla ve demokrat değerlerle devletlere hızla yayıldı. Ancak, 2008'den bu yana, küresel mali krizden sonra dünya çapında popülist hareketler bir yükseliş gösterdi. Küreselleşmenin kazanımları, dünya genelinde populist partilerin ve politikların artmasıyla bir şekilde zorlanmaktadır. Brexit oylaması, Trump'ın seçilmesi ve ulus devletlerin daha önce eşi görülmemiş bir pandemiye (COVID-19) verdikleri tepki popülist yaklaşımın artışına katkıda bulundu. Amerika, Hindistan, Fransa, Brezilya, Türkiye, Macaristan, Filipinler, Endonezya ve İngiltere gibi farklı ülkelerdeki korumacı ekonomik politikalar, ulusal kimliklere yapılan vurgu ve göçmenlere karşı artan tahammülsüzlük ile birlikte popülizmin yükselişini simgeliyor. Buna ek olarak, sağcı popülizmin ortaya çıkışı küreselleşme karşıtı bir hareket olarak sayılmaya başlanmıştır.Bunlarla birlikte, bu makale popülizmdeki bu yükselişin nedenlerini, küreselleşme projesi üzerindeki etkilerini ve önümüzdeki dönemde dünya düzenini şekillendiren uluslararası politikadaki olası kaymaları incelemeye çalışmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Globalization has been the most debated phenomenon in last three decades. In the post-cold war era, right after dismemberment of Soviet Union, globalization process, led by the US, swept the states with liberal norms, integration of markets and democratic values. However, since 2008, after the global financial crisis, the populist’s movements across the world has seen a surge. The gains of globalization are somehow challenged by the increase of populist parties and policies across the globe. The Brexit vote, Trump’s election, and nation-states response towards the unprecedented pandemic (COVID-19) has contributed populist narrative to breed. The protectionist economic policies, along with emphasis on the national identities and growing intolerance towards immigrants, in different countries including America, India, France, Brazil, Turkey, Hungary, Philippines, Indonesia and the UK is symbolizing the rise of populism. Furthermore, the emergence of right-wing populism has started to be counted as the anti-globalization movement. Nevertheless, this article tries to examine the reasons for this rise in populism, its implications on the project of globalization and possible realignments in international politics shaping the world order in coming future. The methodology of the paper is qualitative and analytical in nature.
Keywords
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